Cosmetic and reconstructive surgery both fall under the umbrella term of plastic surgery, which seeks to alter appearance and optimize function. Cosmetic surgery is performed for purely esthetic reasons, to alter the structure of the body and improve appearance. These procedures usually include liposuction, breast augmentation, and arm or thigh lifts.
Reconstructive surgery differs from cosmetic surgery in that it is performed to treat infections, tumors, diseases, congenital defects, developmental disorders or trauma. This type of surgery is also performed to treat areas that cause pain. Procedures include scar correction, laceration repair, revision or breast implant repair.
Reconstructive procedures are usually covered by most health insurance plans, although the extent of coverage often varies. Sometimes cosmetic surgery is covered if it also has a functional benefit. For example, rhinoplasty may be covered if the patient suffers from breathing problems. Breast reduction may be covered if the patient suffers from constant back pain.